Worksheet #26 Chapter 28

Rise of Romanticism

          In searching for the ‘ideal’ in art, many of David’s students learned their art from a neoclassical base.  He insisted his students learn Latin in order to immerse themselves in the classical style.  They were encouraged to select subjects from Plutarch for their paintings. 

          Antoine-Jean Gros, one of David’s students, painted Napoleon in a representation of his visit to Jaffa.  Describe how Gros uses the influence of David and his own ideas in composing this painting.

          How did Ingres’ art begin to differ from that of the studio of David, where he studied for a short time?

          Where does the idea for the idyllic composition of Apotheosis of Homer (28-36) stem from and how does Ingres achieve the result?

          Was the Grande Odalisque (28-37) neo-Classical or Romantic? Explain your answer.

Rise of Romanticism     

          Gardner describes Romanticism how?  

          Moving away from the Neoclassical style of this Romantic period, we encounter artists exploring the exotic and fantastical elements.  One such artist is Francisco de Goya, Spanish by birth. He had become a royal portrait painter during the reign of Charles IV of Spain.

          What similarities can you find in the work Las Meninas (24-33) with Goya’s Family of Charles IV (28-42)?  How do the critics feel about the work/subjects?

          Most compelling of Goya’s works is The Third of May (26-10). Why? List some compositional traits.

          In moving towards the Romantic, Gericault uses historical settings and events as subjects. In his Raft of the Medusa (28-45), he literally paints the last day of the survivors of a shipwreck.  How has he brought the attention of the viewer to this event? Use the elements and principals in your answer. 

          Where did Delacroix find the “power” for many of his paintings?

          What observations about color did Delacroix journal that had a major effect on future Impressionists? What was his advice? 

Landscape Paintings

          During the 19^th century, landscape painting came into its own as a respected genre. How did the Romantic  painters approach this subject matter?

          Landscape painting in England begins with John Constable.  Why do John Constable’s romantic agrarian scenes become nostalgic and wistful, like a longing for something in the past?  How did Constable create the images he saw and knew on his canvases?

          A contemporary of Constable but nearly the opposite in subject matter was Joseph Mallord William Turner.  Looking at both paintings The Haywain (28-53), and The Slave Ship (28-54), describe what the differences appears to be. 

          What was the aim of the “Hudson River School” in America? 

  “Father” of the Hudson River School was _______________________________.  What ‘moral’ issue was faced and portrayed in these paintings? 

One of the aspects these artists of landscape painting used is allegory.  Explain.

Photography

          Photography was a revelation in the visual.  It captures accurate images at one moment in time. Both Frenchman Daguerre and Briton Henry Talbot announced the use of photographic processes.  What collaboration between artist and photographer led to a meaningful work? 

          What was the Camera Lucida and how did it work? 

          Documenting war by photography was realized as a powerful tool.  One of the most moving photos is from T. O’Sullivan called A Harvest of Death, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, July 1863.   How did he do this? 

          Neo-Classicism was heroic, ideal and rational. Romanticism was based on feelings and imagination.  The issues of reality and realism were addressed specifically in the movement that follows: Realism.