Worksheet #25 Chapter 28
18th Century Baroque and Rococo
Rococo: The French Taste
What does the term Rococo refer to and where was the primary origin of the style?
.
Salon de la Princesse (28-1) is described as a typical French rococo room. Who was the designer? What are the characteristics that are evident?
Baroque and Rococo painting differed. The two artists, _____________________ and _________________________ have work that is compared in Gardner. Use the information to compare the two paintings Louis XIV, 1701(24-65) and L’Indifferent, 1716 (28-3).
In regards to the teaching of art, the “Poussinistes” and the “Rubenistes” differed. Who did Watteau chose to follow and why?
Art historians sense Watteau's paintings meant more than just love and Arcadian happiness. What do they see?
Francois Boucher, a former student of Watteau, is noted for…
An example of his style is Cupid, a Captive (25-25). Baroque devices used were:
1.
2.
3.
Boucher’s student, Jean-Honore Fragonard, nearly surpassed his teacher’s color
and decorative skill in what way?
The Enlightenment.
In essence, the Enlightenment was…
Who was Denis Diderot and what did he contribute to the enlightenment?
What 3 major revolutions occurred during this period (later 18th century)?
The study of living nature advanced mechanical and chemical studies. The inauguration of anatomical studies became more exact and complete. See (28-8) Child in Womb, by _____________________ as an example.
The attitude towards realism in the art to express or show technical or educational inventions is evident in the work by _______________________ entitled ____________________________ _________________________________. What kind of mood is created here?
Abraham Darby III and his family in England build the first iron bridges. The open, exposed structure prefigures what two designs in the 19th century?
1.
2.
As
we move into the age of “naturalism” we find the debate to be one of
philosophy. Two philosophers with opposing views were
____________________ and
______________________.
Compare them.
Moral lessons as well as satirical views of contemporary life were also popular subjects for visual art. Give an example of subject matter and the two artists associated with this.
What is Grand Manner portraiture? Who were these artists and what influence did they have?
Revival
of Classicism
The Enlightenment’s emphasis on rationality partially fueled the Neoclassical
movement. The archeological diggings around Herculaneum and Pompeii also created
an enthusiasm for Greek and Roman harmonies. Art History also began to
evolve. Johann Joachim Winckelmann had designated Greek art as the most perfect.
Angelica Kauffmann uses the idea of
teaching morals, as did Greuze and Hogarth, with a Neoclassical twist.
Discuss their styles.
In France, Jacques-Louis David broke away from the Rococo altogether as the
“artificial taste.” He exalted nature. His painting, Oath of the Horatii,
1784, represents the character of a true Neoclassical artwork. Explain.
The French revolt was, in
part, a revolution of economic and political upheavals between the bourgeoisie
and the elite/clerical. Because he believed in the philosophy of the revolution,
David changed his subject matter from classical moral to that of extreme
patriotism in the present. Death of Marat is an example. Is this
propaganda? Explain your answer.
The Neoclassical style lent itself to architecture extremely well. Saint-Genevieve, now the
French Pantheon,
was designed by
______________________.
It rises in a Greek cross plan with a colonnaded dome like
________________________________.
Originally designed as a church, La Madeleine became a “temple” for the
glorification of Napoleon when he proclaimed himself emperor. It recalls the
style of
________________ in Nimes, France. It is interesting
that the architect,
__________________,
designed the interior with 3 domes on the interior. Gardner says it is like he
clothed the church in the
_________________________.
Sculpture also took a neoclassical turn as well under Napoleon, with the work of Antonio Canova. How does his sculpture of Pauline Borghese as Venus reflect both Classical and naturalist tastes.
England
Architect Richard Boyle reinstated the Palladian doctrine in a new style in ___________ _______________. It is a variation on the Villa Rotunda.
What were the ideals of Classicism that made Classical architecture so popular?
Neoclassical characteristics were incorporated into the new American architecture proposed by Jefferson. How were they incorporated?
In the sculpture by Edmonia Lewis, Forever Free, the statue reflects studies she made while in Rome. What statement might the statue be making?