Worksheet #27 Chapter 28
18th Century Baroque and Rococo
Rococo: The French Taste
What does the term Rococo refer to and where was the primary origin of the style?
The whole effect of this style was meant to not only be defined by the interior architecture but also by the various accessories such as:
In Germany, one excellent example of this French Rococo style is the small lodge called the ____________________ designed by ___________________. The difference in this building lies in the exterior although the most spectacular room is the ____________________ shaped in a ______________ The design of the room is a representation of the Rococo style at its zenith.
Baroque and Rococo painting differed. The two artists, _____________________ and _________________________,have work that is compared in Gardner. Use the information to compare the two paintings Louis XIV, 1701(24-65) and L’Indifferent, 1716 (28-3).
The two doctrines of thought regarding the teaching of art were the “Poussinistes” and the “Rubenistes.” What was the doctrine of each one and which did Watteau choose to follow?
In Watteau’s Return from Cythera (28-4) we find a distinction in the poses of the lovers. How did he accomplish this?
Art historians sense his paintings meant more than just love and Arcadian happiness. What do they see?
After Watteau’s death, Francois Boucher rose to a dominant position. He is noted for…
An example of his style is Cupid, a Captive (25-25). Baroque devices used were:
1.
2.
3.
Boucher’s student, Jean-Honore Fragonard nearly surpassed his teacher’s color and decorative skill. The sensual intimacy found in the work of Boucher and Watteau was also found in small sculptures. An artist whose work is well known is that of ___________. He studied in Rome and was influenced by the dynamic Baroque figures of ____________. Those influences are detected in the work ___________________________________.
This chapter encompasses the philosophy of The Enlightenment. In essence the Enlightenment was…
What is the state of being “modern?”
The French philosopher Voltaire believed . . .
The study of living nature advanced the mechanical and chemical studies. The inauguration of anatomical studies begun by Renaissance artist ___________________ became more exact and complete. See (28-8) Child in Womb, by _____________________ as an example. How does this change the discipline of art?
The attitude towards realism in the art to express or show technical or educational inventions is evident in the work by _______________________ entitled ____________________________ _________________________________. What kind of mood is created here?
As we move
into the age of “naturalism” we find the debate to be one of philosophy. Two
philosophers with opposing views were
____________________ and
______________________.
Compare them.
Moral lessons as well as satirical views of contemporary life were also popular subjects for visual art. Give an example (artist, title date, and subject).
What is Grand Manner portraiture? Give an artist and example.
Two American artists who studied painting and portraiture in England were
______________
and
___________________.
However their approach which included a more modern realism drew viewers to
their work and influenced painting well into the 19th century.
During this time, the wealthy would take their Grand Tours of Europe,
desiring mementos of their trips. In Italy,
_______________________
painted many views of Venice which were popular. He sometimes used a camera
obscura. How does this work?
Revival of
Classicism
The Enlightenment’s emphasis on rationality partially fueled the
Neoclassical movement. The archeological diggings around Herculaneum and Pompeii
also created an enthusiasm for Greek and Roman harmonies.
Art History also began to evolve. Johann Joachim
Winckelmann had designated Greek art as the most perfect.
Angelica Kauffmann uses the idea of teaching morals, as did Greuze and Hogarth,
with a Neoclassical twist. Explain.
In France, Jacques-Louis David broke away from the Rococo altogether as the
“artificial taste.” He exalted nature. His painting, Oath of the Horatii,
1784, represents the character of a true Neoclassical artwork. Explain.
The French revolt was, in part, a revolution of economic and political upheavals
between the bourgeoisie and the elite/clerical. Because he believed in the
philosophy of the revolution, David changed his subject matter from classical
moral to that of extreme patriotism in the present. Death of Marat is an
example. How did David achieve this?
After the revolution David went to jail but was later called upon to paint for Napoleon. In The Coronation of Napoleon, David has created another neoclassical style even if there were changes made by Napoleon in the selection of the moment pictured.
The Neoclassical style lent itself to architecture extremely well, in fact early
in the 18th century, architects began turning away from the
ostentation of Baroque and Rococo designs. Saint-Genevieve, now the Pantheon,
was designed by
______________________.
Originally designed as a church, La Madeleine became a “temple” for the
glorification of Napoleon when he proclaimed himself emperor. It recalls the
style of
________________
in Nimes, France. It is interesting that the architect,
__________________,
designed the interior with 3 domes. Gardner says it is like he
clothed the church in the
_________________________.
Sculpture also took a neoclassical turn as well under Napoleon, with the work of Antonio Canova. How does his sculpture of Pauline Borghese as Venus reflect both Classical and naturalist tastes?
England
Architect Richard Boyle reinstated the Palladian doctrine in a new style in ___________ _______________. It is a variation on the theme of (whose) _____________________________________.
The town of Bath is noted for what unique design of buildings?
1.
2.
3.
All designed by ______________________________.
What
were the ideals of
Classicism that made Classical architecture so popular?
How were the neoclassical characteristics incorporated into the new American architecture?
How did Thomas Jefferson influence the planning and building of the Virginia State Capital building?
In the sculpture by Edmonia Lewis, Forever Free, the statue reflects studies she made while in Rome. What statement might the statue be making?