Work Sheet #27

Chapter 29  19^th Rise of Modernism, Part 1

          The powers of steam, petroleum and electricity were harnessed to industrialize production. Transportation and communication changes that would forever impact the world Science experiments in chemistry, biology and psychology greatly affected the knowledge of the environment, human immunology and workings of the brain.  Conflict of science and the church over the age of the earth, Darwin’s Origin of the Species and the  Old Testament Genesis arose. 

          By challenging traditional Christian beliefs, Darwinism contributed to a growing secular attitude. Other controversial philosophies tore apart the social classes even farther.  Social Darwinism was applied to economics, the Communist Manifesto encouraged the working classes to overthrow the capitalists and countries expanded into areas of great resources causing conflicts through racism, imperialism, nationalism, and militarism.

         
The term Modernism was discussed in the previous chapter on page 805.  It was a new way of thinking...describe what Gardner writes.

Realism: The Painting of Modern Life

          How is Realism described by Gardner? 

          An example of realism is Gustave Courbet’s The Stone Breakers.  How does Courbet present them?

Why were Courbet’s paintings of ‘plain people’ rejected by art juries of the 1855 Paris International Exhibition? What was the underlying philosophy of his work?

Why was The Gleaners (26-37) not “acceptable” with the prosperous classes?  Extend your answer to include new political movements.

How does Daumier use his skills as an artist? What appear to be his themes?  Give some examples

What did Manet paint in 1863 that was so controversial?  What are the characteristics of this “outrageous” painting? 

A second painting shown to elicit a similar reaction is . . . _____________________________.

Not all artists subscribed to the “cold fact” of truth either.  Rather they sought something less restrictive than the Realist doctrine.  One such artist is Marie-Rosalie (Rosa) Bonheur.  Her paintings reflected the ideals of the modernists as well as some traditionalists.  Explain. 

Realism Outside of France

In the United States, after the Civil War, the tradition of painting turned toward the realist’s view of the world.  Winslow Homer’s painting, The Veteran in a New Field, is representative of that time.  Discuss the meaning of the work

What was in Eakins’s background that gave him experience to paint images such as The Gross Clinic (29-12)?  How was this painting received? 

How does John Singer Sargent’s style differ from his older contemporary, Eakins?  Give an example.

An American painter, known for his lighting style, who studied Rembrandt was . . ._____________________________________________.  This artist like the previous ones studied in which European city?   

What  influence did Tanner combine in his art?