WS #30 Chapter 29, Part 2
Impressionism/Post Impressionism
The term “Impressionism” was actually coined as a derogatory description of a painting by a critic in the first exhibit of work in this style. Which artist painted the work first criticized, the name of the work and year?
What is Impressionism?
Sometimes defined as plein-air, the act of painting out of doors was a similarity in most of the Impressionists work. The city of Paris was a favorite because of its urban scenes. Monet, Caillebotte, and Pissarro all painted the city. Compare their views.
Another favorite subject of Impressionists was leisure time. Artists portrayed people dining, dancing, ballet, and other enjoyable recreation. Discuss the example, Le Moulin de la Galette (29-25).
Manet paints a work in the last year of his life which reflects the Impressionist concentration on the moment in A Bar at the Folies-Bergere. How does the Mirror in the painting seem to confuse viewers?
What elements of Japanese art (Japonisme) was an influence on many Impressionists?
Women artists were relegated to domestic scenes, they were excluded from painting in saloons or bars or even major buildings like Monet or Renoir. However, some female artists did become well-known through their own talent, as well as their relationships. Berthe Morisot was a sister-in-law to Manet, she was also immensely talented. Describe her work, Villa at the Seaside (29-28).
What does the term “local color” mean…and how do the Impressionist deal with it?
What new pigment development gave greater versatility to Impressionists sensitivity to the multiplicity of colors in nature?
Explain the phrase: for Monet, the phenomenon is color, and his laboratory is out of doors.
Why did Degas prefer pastels?
Describe how Degas, using pastels, in The Tub (29-30) created a visual perplexity for the viewer.
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Why were Mary Cassatts' art works mostly subjects that included women and children?
An artist known for less than flattering visual comments on society is_____________________
Why did he become a denizen of the Paris night world?
In comparing this work to Renoir’s Le Moulin de la Galette (29-25), what do you see that changes the mood of Lautrec’s work?
Why did Whistler begin calling his paintings “arrangements” or “nocturnes?”
Using Whistler’s Nocturne in Black and Gold (29-33) describe the “musical” composition.
What four concepts of painting were artists systematically examining during the 1880’s?
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What four artists are most noted for this examination / experimentation?
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Van Gogh’ explored the expressive use of color. How does he describe this?
What does his application of paint look like?
How does Van Gogh convey an oppressive atmosphere of evil in The Night Café (29-34)?
What does Van Gogh say about the painting The Starry Night (26-76)?
Gauguin composes the elements (shape, color, and space) so as to intensify the message in The Vision After the Sermon or Jacob Wrestling with the Angel (29-36). How does he do this?
Gauguin moved to Tahiti in the later years of his life in search of the primitive man. How did this tropical setting affect his use of color and shape?
What was the method of color placement (small dots) called by Seurat?
Seurat’s Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte (29-39) exhibited at the last Impressionist exhibit in 1886, represents one of the favorite themes:____________________________ This huge canvas, (7’ by 10’) represents much more than a scientifically prepared canvas coloring with dots…explain.
Admiring Delacroix, Cezanne allied himself with Impressionists, especially_______________. What did he decide after studying old masters in the Louvre about Impressionism?
Using Mont Sainte-Victoire (29-40) describe Cézanne’s approach to painting using color.
In a letter to fellow painter, Emile Bernard, Cezanne explains his approach to nature. What does Cezanne say?
Using The Basket of Apples (29-41) explain how Cezanne approaches his work.