Work
Sheet #22 Work
Sheet #22 Part 1 of Chapter 22 High Renaissance-Italy
The term ‘High Renaissance’ is reserved for a very short period of time from 1495 to around 1527.
Leonardo, Michelangelo, Raphael, and Titian are usually the four artists who are said to contribute to this period’s art of the genius. Their art has been used to teach, theirs' are masterful works by artists who saw the culmination of observation, perspective, chiaroscuro, space and depth as well as building design and interior design rise to the highest level. The gains made by these artists in prestige are felt even by modern artists of today.
Although we look primarily to the paintings of Leonardo, we know him to be an extremely versatile man with abilities in many areas.
v List 5-6 areas he was also well versed.
v The perceived origin for the immediate style of Leonardo’s Virgin of the Rocks ( 22-1) painted in 1485 is _________________________________________.
v The chiaroscuro Leonardo uses in Virgin of the Rocks is probably due to the study of _______________________________________________________________________________________ although this is a technique developed over generations.
v The images to be painted on the walls were often drawn in charcoal or conte crayon on white or brown paper. The image became known as a ________________________.
v Where and when was the Last Supper painted and in what condition is it?
v Describe compositional innovations in this painting.
v Gardner suggests that Leonardo’s skill with certain techniques and choice of background has led to the Mona Lisa’s multi-generational appeal and fascination over the centuries. Explain.
v What Leonardo drawings did scientists admire and respect?
*Leonardo, born near Florence, worked most of his early to middle years in Milan for Duke Sforza. Later, he left that service for Cesare Borgia and still later for King Francis I of France.
v Pope Julius II is known for his “endowment” of the arts. Briefly describe his goal for the papacy and the arts he encouraged.
The architect with whom Leonardo worked and may have influenced while in Milan was Donato d’Angelo Bramante. Bramante developed the High Renaissance form of the central plan church.
v The two more famous architects that had a major influence on Bramante’s style were _______________________ and ____________________________.
v The perfect prototype of classical, domed architecture for this and subsequent periods was the ____________________________________.
His design of this small cylindrical building meant to mark the location where St. Peter’s crucifixion took place, Bramante employed a composition of volumes, masses, solids, and voids.
v Employing the rhythmical use of the classical tholos ideals, how has Bramante transformed the ancient building to be truly a work of art?
Michelangelo
“Whatever can be said greatly through sculpture and painting must be said through the human figure.” Michelangelo
v Compare the ‘heroic’ qualities of David with Hellenistic Greek sculpture (5-65, 5-80 & 5-81). Have we seen work like Michelangelo’s David? Since the Hellenistic Greek period?
Creating the designs and paintings for the Sistine Chapel’s ceiling took Michelangelo only 4 years. In all of the work, he has used strongly dramatic poses and focal points.
v Using the work, Creation of Adam (22-14) describe how he composes this image.
Raphael
During his stay in Florence he was able to see first hand how painting had taken a turn from what he’d learned being Perugino’s apprentice.
v The space within The School of Athens (22-17) is important because…
His work on Madonnas changed after seeing Leonardo’s Virgin of the Rocks and the cartoon for The Virgin and Child with St. Anne and the Infant St. John.
v What influences from Leonardo’s style did Raphael employ and which ones did he shun?
The work, Galatea (22-20) painted by Raphael for the wealthy banker Agostino Chigi in 1513 represents a revival of the bright world of gods and heroes. This becomes a new beginning for classical art. Raphael was also an accomplished portrait artist. In painting Baldessare Castiglione, Raphael captures the personality of this learned man who wrote about beauty and love.
v What style characteristics does Raphael employ?
Michelangelo
v Gardner states “…contortion is a staple of Michelangelo’s art.” Explain what this statement means.
Brunelleschi
Alberti Architectural
Guiliano da Sangallo Influences
Bramante
Antonio da Sangallo, the
Younger
v Antonio Sangallo began the building of the Palazzo Farnese for Pope Paul III while he was still the Cardinal. After Sangallo died, Michelangelo completed the design for the interior courtyard’s third floor. How did his design differ from the first two floors?
v What was Michelangelo’s philosophy regarding architecture
The equestrian statue of Marcus Aurelius was moved from its original location to that of the Campidogli by the order of Pope Paul III. In order to connect the statue to the surrounding buildings, Michelangelo used an oval pavement design.
v Why is this significant?
v Michelangelo’s breadth of work carries one from the end of the 15th century, through the short period of the high renaissance then paves the path to what two styles?
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