Dada

v What is the compelling origin of the Dada movement?

v Explain how this movement got started.

v What is DADA?

v Jean Arp, from Zurich, also known for his sculpture, created Dada art. Describe his method.

v What is “ready-made” sculpture?

v How was the completion of The Large Glass by Duchamp a perfect Dadaism?

v Dadaists in Berlin differed somewhat in their approach. Give an example.

v How does Schwitters develop his collages?

Art in America

v Where was America in the art trend around the turn of the century?

v Who were The Eight?

v What example does Gardner use?

v What event in 1913 made a major impact on the American Art scene and why was it important?

v What art work caused the most controversy?

v The untransformed image if the substance of photographs by Alfred Stieglitz. Explain.

v Who was Alfred Stieglitz?

v Stieglitz’s ideal for photography manifests itself in the numerous photos of New York metropolitan areas, skies, and people. The Steerage is one example. Describe.

v Another artist who experiments in photography is____________________________. He primarily moves his images from those like Stieglitz’s to more___________________________.

v How does Man Ray’s Cadeau fit into the Dada mainstream

v Beyond photography, Dada and Cubism, many artists painted in personal styles which reflected parts of these movements. Marsden Hartley, Stuart Davis and Aaron Douglas all used many elements from Synthetic Cubism. Briefly describe their examples.

Uniquely American

S Define the term Precisionism.

S Two artist somewhat associated with this style movement are Charles Demuth and Georgia O’Keeffe. Explain why their examples are included in this section.

WWI Effects on Art

American artists did not feel the extreme effects of a world war as the battles were all fought on European soil. Because of the trauma of war, many European artists were drawn to the expressionist styles. In Germany, many artists actually served in the military and although not a formal movement, these artists took on a “new objectivity.” What was the German name for this activity? _______________________________________________

S One artist whose bitter and harsh tone reflected the effects of his experience was_______________________. His Fit For Active Service is a caustic indictment of the military. Explain

S Another artist, enlisting in the military, had similar reaction to the mass destruction and was disillusioned. ________________________ painted Night, not as a reaction to war specifically.

S How does he make this apparent?

S Likened to the Isenheim Altarpiece by Grunewald, __________________________ painted his work, Der Krieg (The War) as a reflection of his own experiences in war battles.

S Other post-WWI artists in Germany include ______________________, _____________________, and___________________________________________ Their mediums differed, Kollwitz interested in drawing and printmaking while Lehmbruck and Barlach were sculptors.

S Many of Kollwitz’s artwork serves up a similar theme. What is the theme and explain.

S Lehmbruck appreciated his fellow sculptors, especially work by __________. He felt the figure could express every human ______________________________and____________________________.

S Barlach’s War Monument takes the theme of

The image itself is simple yet powerful and expressive.

Surrealism and Fantasy Art

S What is Surrealism? An exploration of ways to express in art, the world of dreams and the unconscious. They were especially interested in the nature of dreams

S The two lines along which Surrealism developed are:

S Define each of them. Biomorphic Surrealism is da dictation of thought without control of the mind. Naturalistic Surrealism presents recognizable scenes that seem to have metamorphosed into a dream or nightmare image.

S Although not either a Dadaist or a Surrealist, this artist influenced both in his choice of visual representations. Who is he and what is the subject of many of his works?

S Another artist creating images before really being a member of or included into the Dada or Surrealist camp is Max Ernst. He developed a process called frottage. What is that?

S How else did Ernst create work?

S Artists that seem to flaunt the irrational were Dali and Magritte. Please explain contradictory images.

S In 1937, the exhibition of Surrealism took place at the Museum of Modern Art. The visitors selected Object by Meret Oppenheim as the symbol which epitomizes the movement. Why do you think it was selected?

S Frida Kahlo never considered herself a Surrealist, only that she painted what was real in her life. Gardner’s extends their discussion by convincing you the example, The Two Fridas, is also a political statement. Although I do not agree, based on my own readings, how does Gardner’s explain this connection?

S Who said, “…The first stage (of my painting) is free, unconscious…The second stage is carefully calculated” and what does this statement refer to.

S How did the impact of colonialism allow these artists of Spain, France and Germany to move beyond traditional subject matters?

S Paul Klee’s work is said to be rooted in nature. Explain.

S Give an example of this diagrammatic view of birds. ______________________________________.