Worksheet #32  Chapter 33

Early 20^th Century

            European Powers established colonial empires throughout the world. This was called imperialism.  It was believed that it was the mission of the European civilizations to bring Christianity to the “backward people” or “inferior races.”  This is called racism.  The idea that one country or culture is better than another, a feeling developed prior to and after both World Wars was called nationalism.

          Science and technology were boosted by the needs of the two world wars. Besides discoveries in the sciences, the most conspicuous achievements were in communication and transportation.

          This manifestation of progress means modern, the condition of being modern rejects the past as having been past by.

          As with life outside of the artistic venue, art repudiates the notion of “reality.”  Modern artists speak for themselves, it is now about how they feel and think about subjects.

• What was the nature of the early modernism in art the first two decades of the 20^th cent.?

Painting and Sculpture

• What does the general term “Expressionism” mean and why might viewers be uncomfortable with Expressionist art?

• What did the term fauve mean and why was the term applied to the artists lead by Henri Matisse? 

• What were the influences on this group (and others)? 

• In Andre Derain’s The Dance (33-3), the theme of fauve art is obvious.  Explain. 

• There were German artists who took the ideas of the fauves and created their own artwork with principles extending the idea of individual expressionism.  One group was known as ___________ These young artists were led by ______________________whose philosophy was…

• How does Kirchner express this in Street, Dresden? 

• Kandinsky’s Improvisation 28 is an example of his interest in theosophy.  Explain.

• Franz Marc wrote to his wife how Fate of the Animals “is like a premonition of war…” Explain.

• Ironically, Franz Marc died three years after painting this work in World War I.

More Abstractions

• How did Picasso become Picasso=? 

• How does Les Demoiselles d’Avignon clarify Picasso’s method of representing forms in space? 

          Who was greatly influenced by this painting?

• What is Cubism? 

• How did Analytical Cubism develop?

• How did Synthetic Cubism evolve?

• What term is given to gluing bits of objects onto a surface for art? 
• How was Cubism considered anarchism and revolution? 

Sculpture

• Analytical cubist sculptor, Jacques Lipchitz was very successful.  His Bather  is an example of a piece worked out in______________before transferring it to______________or_____________         
• How is Bather typical of the Cubist style?

• Less angular and ambiguous is the work by Archipenko, Woman Combing Her Hair. What is different about this work from the Bather? 

• Describe Fernand Leger’s work The City in terms of Purism

• How does Gardner define Futurism? 

• Using two example artworks from the chapter – describe how each uses the concept of Futurism in their art.

• In Severini’s painting, Armored Train, we see the combination of elements from the Cubist’s, Futurist’s, and idea of war.  How different does this work appear to be from Goya’s The Third of May, 1808?