Worksheet #25
Baroque (Italy, Spain)
The term Baroque, although used in a disparaging manner at first, now is a blanket term by art historians to cover the period from the 17th to 18th centuries. It encompasses careers of some of the greatest painters, sculptors and architects the Western world has produced.
Describe the age of Baroque from Gardner’s text.
These descriptions are not limited to the arts but can also refer to the age of expansion to newly discovered lands, to the expanding cosmos, and to the science of physics.
The thirty years war, starting as a primarily religious conflict quickly shifted to that of concerns for _______________________________________. The expanding economy from the centralized banking in Amsterdam, the open trading with more exotic countries produced a desire for goods. That in turn promoted the slave trade from Africa to the new European colonies including America.
Baroque art doubtless had Papal Rome as its birthplace. The use of images, the Catholic Popes argued, was needed to teach the laity. Buildings, especially churches, reflected this philosophy. The old central plan church gave way to the long church separating clergy and laity.
An early manifestation of this architecture is ___________________by ______________________ begun in ____________.
In Maderno’s completion of the design and continued building of St. Peter’s Rome (24-2) what was sacrificed on the entrance façade design (24-2)?
St. Peter’s was finally completed by ______________________________, who also designed the piazza in front. He is considered the most brilliant and imaginative artists and possibly the most _____________________________________________ of the Baroque style
Looking at figure 24-5, how does Bernini enhance a once classical post and lintel design? How does it become “Baroque?”
In comparing Bernini’s David (24-7) with any other statue we have seen, (by Donatello, Verrocchio, and Michelangelo) what is distinctive about the design of this statue?
The location of the Ecstasy of St. Theresa (24-8) is described like a stage for a drama. Go on to explain how Bernini has created this vignette for his sculpture and the technical virtuosity displayed.
Borromini takes the idea of the concave / convex design in the church of San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane (24-10 & 11) a step further in his design for the chapel of _________________________________.
What makes the dome of St. Ivo different from its predecessors of the Renaissance?
Another architect effectively using many of Borromini’s style was _____________________. He designed the _____________________ using three units with the center one undulating. This design is further enhanced by the ____________________________________________________________________.
In the dome of the chapel of the Santissima Sindone (24-16) Guarni uses a completely new design. Explain.
Painting was also a manner of didactic Catholic teaching. A good example is the Conversion of ____________, painted by _______________. Why does the scene seem so unusual?
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The stark use of light and dark is a recognizable feature of Caravaggio’s work. From the word ________________, an Italian word for “shadowy” manner, comes the name for this device which is ___________________________.
The features of Caravaggio’s paintings also included an unusual selection of models. Explain.
One very well known follower of Caravaggio’s tenebrism or “night pictures” is _____________ _________________. Instructed by her father, she was successful in Florence, Venice, Naples, and Rome. The more familiar work she painted in this style is _____________________________________.
Italian Baroque painting gets well on its way. Members of the ______________ family founded the Bolognese Academy. It was founded on an academic philosophy and what else?
Annibale Carracci created the “ideal” or “classical” in his work ___________________________ Many of his images had their origins (roots) in the Venetian paintings. List 3-4 “ideals” these paintings always seemed to include.
The Farnese ceiling (24-23) is a reflection the characteristics of the Sistine Chapel ceiling. Explain.
The idea of painting the ceiling to look like framed paintings is called _________________ and was popular for over _______________________. The sculptural figures outside these “frames” are painted differently. Explain.
A Bolognese Academy member was ____________________, who painted a scene of Aurora (24-24), but in a different manner. Explain.
In the Glorification of Saint Ignatius, the artist, Pozzo, extends the illusion for the viewer. How?
Spain had mounted an aggressive effort during the Thirty Years’ War but the imperial age of Hapsburg Spain was over. By the dawn of the Baroque period the Spanish leaders struggled to maintain their control over a dwindling empire. The use of vivid imagery communicating to wide audiences was appealing to both Phillip III and IV.
What types of subject matter seemed most popular to the Spanish at this time?
The painting, Martyrdom of St. Bartholomew (24-28) by _______________________ is grim and dark. What similarities are there too a Caravaggio?
Francisco de Zurbaran principally painted _______________________________________________ _________________. They are usually lighted sharply from __________. An example is Saint Serapion (24-29).
Probably most well known during this time is ________________________, as he became a court painter for _________________________ of Spain. His early works show an influence of the Italian painter, ______________________. His work, ________________________________ shows this distinct similarity.
Gardner spends a whole page discussing the subject, pictorial depth and use of values in Las Menias (24-33). Using the information, condense and briefly describe the strong points of the work.