Worksheet #23
Baroque (Italy, Spain)
The term Baroque, although used in a disparaging manner at first, now is a blanket term by art historians to cover the period from the 17th to 18th centuries. It encompasses careers of some of the greatest painters, sculptors and architects the Western world has produced.
Describe the age of Baroque from Gardner’s text.
These descriptions are not limited to the arts but can also refer to the age of expansion to newly discovered lands, to the expanding cosmos, and to the science of physics. The thirty years war, starting as a primarily religious conflict quickly shifted to that of concerns for _______________________________________. The expanding economy from the centralized banking in Amsterdam, the open trading with more exotic countries produced a desire for goods. That in turn promoted the slave trade from Africa to the new European colonies including America.
Baroque art doubtless had Papal Rome as its birthplace. The use of images, the Catholic Popes argued, was needed to teach the laity. Buildings, especially churches, reflected this philosophy. The old central plan church gave way to the long church separating clergy and laity.
Maderno completed the design and continued building St. Peter’s Rome (24-2). What modifications were made and why?
St. Peter’s was finally completed by ______________________________, who also designed the piazza in front.
Looking at figure 24-5, how does Bernini enhance a once classical post and lintel design? How does it become “Baroque?”
In comparing Bernini’s David (24-7) with any other statue of David we have seen, (by Donatello, Verrocchio, and Michelangelo) what is distinctive about this statue?
The location of the Ecstasy of St. Theresa (24-8) is described as a stage for a drama. Go on to explain how Bernini has created this vignette for his sculpture and the technical virtuosity displayed.
Borromini takes the idea of the concave / convex design in the church of San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane (24-10 & 11) a step further in his design for the chapel of St. Ivo.
What makes the dome of St. Ivo different from its predecessors of the Renaissance?
A good example of didactic Catholic instruction is the Conversion of ____________, painted by _______________. Why does the scene seem so unusual?
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From the word ________________, an Italian word for “shadowy” manner, comes the name for this device which is ___________________________.
The features of Caravaggio’s paintings also included an unusual selection of models. Explain.
One very well known follower of Caravaggio’s is _____________ _________________. Instructed by her father, she was successful in Florence, Venice, Naples, and Rome. The more familiar work she painted in this style is _____________________________________.
Italian Baroque painting gets well on its way. Members of the Carracci family founded the Bolognese Academy. It was founded on what academic philosophy?
Many of Annibale Carracci's images had their origins (roots) in the Venetian paintings. List 3-4 “ideals” these paintings always seemed to include.
The idea of painting the ceiling to look like framed paintings is called _________________ .
In the Glorification of Saint Ignatius, the artist, Pozzo, extends the illusion for the viewer. How?
Spain had mounted an aggressive effort during the Thirty Years’ War but the imperial age of Hapsburg Spain was over. By the dawn of the Baroque period the Spanish leaders struggled to maintain their control over a dwindling empire. The use of vivid imagery communicating to wide audiences was appealing to both Phillip III and IV.
What types of subject matter seemed most popular to the Spanish at this time?
The painting, Martyrdom of St. Bartholomew (24-28) by _______________________ is grim and dark. What similarities are there too a Caravaggio?
Francisco de Zurbaran principally painted _______________________________________________ _________________. They are usually lighted sharply from __________. An example is Saint Serapion (24-29).
Probably most well known during this time is ________________________, as he became a court painter for _________________________ of Spain. His early works show an influence of the Italian painter, ______________________. His work, ________________________________ shows this distinct similarity.
Discussion question:
Gardner spends a whole page discussing the subject, pictorial depth and use of values in Las Menias (24-33). Using the information, condense and briefly describe the strong points of the work.